Pal Kastrioti: Dallime mes rishikimesh

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përmirësime teknike, zëvendësova: Maj → maj, Nëntor → nëntor (3) duke përdorur AWB
Rreshti 1:
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'''Pal Kastrioti''' ka qene [[Fisnikëria shqiptare| fisnik në Shqipërinë]] ne shekullin e 14. Rreth 1383 ai dokumentohet si si sundimtar i dy fshatrave (Sina dhe Gardi i Poshtëm). I jati i tij ka qene nje [[Qefali(Perandoria Bizantine)|qefali]] i [[Kaninë Castle|Kanina]] qe i perkiste [[Principata e Vlorës]].{{dubious|date=September 2012}} Sipas informimeve nga [[Gjon Muzaka]] Pali pati tre djem: Konstantin, Alexius dhe [[Gjon Kastrioti]] i cili ishte i jati i [[Skënderbeu|Skanderbeut]].
 
== Familja ==
 
Personi pare që përmendet historikisht në dokumente me mbiemrin ''Kastriot'' ,<ref>{{Citation |last= Buda |first= Aleks|title= Shkrime historike |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=M8lyT_mcCMvusgam5ojkDQ&id=l5K4AAAAIAAJ&dq=kanina+kastrioti&q=%22Dokumentet+p%C3%ABrmendin+p%C3%ABr+her%C3%AB+t%C3%AB+par%C3%AB+nj%C3%AB+Kastriot+n%C3%AB+vitin+1368+si+k%C3%ABshtjellar+ose+kefali+n%C3%AB+Kanin%C3%AB+t%C3%AB+Vlor%C3%ABs.+Me+r%C3%ABnien+e+Balshajve+fillon+fuqizimi+i+Kastriot%C3%ABve.+Ata+kthehen+n%C3%AB+tokat+e+tyre+dhe+i+zgjerojn%C3%AB+pronat+n%C3%AB+lugin%C3%ABn+e+Drinit.%22#search_anchor |volume= 3 |date= |origyear= |year=2002 |month= |publisher= Shtëpia Botuese 8 Nëntorinëntori |location= Tiranë |language= |isbn=9789992716519 |oclc=163395350 |page= 239 |quote=Dokumentet përmendin për herë të parë një Kastriot në vitin 1368 si kështjellar ose kefali në Kaninë të Vlorës.}}</ref> ka qënë një sundimtar kështjelle ([[Qefali (Perandoria Bizantine)|qefali]] apoor [[kastelan]] sipas burimeve të atëkohe) of the [[Kaninë Castle|Kanina]] in 1368.<ref>{{harvnb|Hopf|1873|p=533}}{{quote|Paolo, segneur de Signa et de Gardi-ipostesi ... Branilo, d'origine Serbe, gouverneur de Canina 1368}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Dialogue, Volume 5, Issues 17-20|year=1996|publisher=Dijalog|url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=ys5xT5C6KMzLswaCkM27DQ&id=KgG5AAAAIAAJ&dq=%22%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%22&q=%22Njegov+sin+Pavle%2C+gospodar+od+Sinje%2C+imao+je+tri+sina%3A+Konstantina%2C+Aleksu+i+Ivana.+Kastriote+su+se+preko+Konstantina+orodile+sa+najznatnijom+albanskom+porodicom+Topija.+Ivan+Kastriota%2C+otac+Skenderbegov%2C+ozenio+se+Voislavom+koja+je%22#search_anchor|accessdate=27 March 2012|page=77|quote=Njegov pradeda Branilo spominje se 1368. kao upravitelj Kanine}}</ref><ref name="Šufflay 2000 148">{{harvnb|Šufflay|2000|p=148}}{{quote|Njegov potomak, Ivan, "gospodin Ivan" u srpskim poveljama, "Ivan Castrioth" u mletačkim spomenicima...}}</ref> which belonged to the [[Principality of Valona]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Schmitt |first=Oliver Jens|authorlink=Oliver Jens Schmitt |title=Das venezianische Albanien (1392-1479) |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eKKS3u7iPWcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Oliver+Jens+Schmitt%22&hl=en&ei=F_RFTd2ZMse08QOh5fSuCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |year=2001 |publisher=R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München |location= München|language= |isbn=3-486-56569--9 |oclc= |doi= |page= 185 |chapter=Die Albanische Adelsgeschlechter in Byzantinisch - serbische tradition |chapterurl= http://books.google.rs/books?id=eKKS3u7iPWcC&pg=PA185&dq=%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=f-RyT66xPJHLsgavo626DQ&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8&f=false |quote= und die Kastriota, die erstmals am Hof der serbischen Fürsten von Valona hervortraten }}</ref> It is assumed{{by whom|date=September 2012}} that Pal's father (or Pal himself, per Ivo Vukcevich) received his estates in [[Albania]] from [[Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia|Serbian Emperor Dušan]] after he captured [[Berat]], [[Valona]] and [[Kaninë Castle|Kanina]] in 1345.<ref>{{cite book|title=Dialogue, Volume 5, Issues 17-20|year=1996|publisher=Dijalog|url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=ys5xT5C6KMzLswaCkM27DQ&id=KgG5AAAAIAAJ&dq=%22%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%22&q=%22Njegov+sin+Pavle%2C+gospodar+od+Sinje%2C+imao+je+tri+sina%3A+Konstantina%2C+Aleksu+i+Ivana.+Kastriote+su+se+preko+Konstantina+orodile+sa+najznatnijom+albanskom+porodicom+Topija.+Ivan+Kastriota%2C+otac+Skenderbegov%2C+ozenio+se+Voislavom+koja+je%22#search_anchor|accessdate=27 March 2012|page=77|quote=Pretpostavlja se da je svoje posede u Albaniji dobio od cara Dušana pošto je ovaj 1345. godine osvojio gradove Berat, Valonu i Kaninu}}</ref><ref name="Vukcevich">{{cite book|author=Ivo Vukcevich|title=Croatia: Ludwig von Gaj and the Croats are Herrenvolk Goths Syndrome|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=a97eeUriv5YC&pg=SL1-PA246|accessdate=7 June 2013|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=978-1-4797-6666-6|page=246|quote=It is a matter of record that Castriot estates in Albania can be traced to Skanderbeg's grandfather, Pal, who received his estates from Serbian Emperor Dushan in 1345}}</ref> Familja e Kastriotëve ishin me origjin nga fshati [[Kastrat]], në [[qarku i Shkodrës|qarkun e Shkodrës]]. [[Heinrich Kretschmayr]] also asserts that in fact Pal Kastrioti, father of [[Gjon Kastrioti]] and grandfather of Skanderbeg, was Kephale of Kanina.<ref name="Kretschmayr2012">{{cite book|author=Heinrich Kretschmayr|authorlink=Heinrich Kretschmayr|title=Geschichte von Venedig|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w6BBNsQ1m_MC&pg=PA375|accessdate=7 June 2013|date=September 2012|origyear=1920|publisher=BoD – Books on Demand|isbn=978-3-8460-0658-0|page=375|quote=Als erster in der Reihe erscheint 1368 ein Paul als Schloßhauptmann von Kanina bei Valona, sein Sohn Johannes galt für "leidlich mächtig in Albanien", wurde Bürger von Venedig und Ragusa ...}}</ref>
 
Pal Kastrioti kishte tre djem: Konstantin{{Cref2|A}}, Alexius dhe [[Gjon Kastrioti]]<ref name="Šufflay 2000 148"/><ref>{{Citation |last=Muzaka |first= Gjon |authorlink= Gjon Muzaka |editor=Karl Hopf |title=Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi. Per Giovanni Musachi, despoto d'Epiro |url=http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts16-18/AH1515.html |origyear= 1515 |year= 1873 |publisher= |location= Berlin |quote= You should know that the grandfather of Lord Scanderbeg was called Lord Paul Castriota. He ruled over no more than two villages, called Signa (Sina) and Gardi Ipostesi. To this Lord Paul was born Lord John Castriota who became Lord of Mat. And to him was born Lord Scanderbeg. The mother of the said Lord Scanderbeg, i.e. the wife of the said Lord John, was called Lady Voisava Tribalda who was of a noble family. }}</ref> who was Skanderbeg's father.<ref>{{cite book|title=Dialogue, Volume 5, Issues 17-20|year=1996|publisher=Dijalog|url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=ys5xT5C6KMzLswaCkM27DQ&id=KgG5AAAAIAAJ&dq=%22%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%22&q=%22Njegov+sin+Pavle%2C+gospodar+od+Sinje%2C+imao+je+tri+sina%3A+Konstantina%2C+Aleksu+i+Ivana.+Kastriote+su+se+preko+Konstantina+orodile+sa+najznatnijom+albanskom+porodicom+Topija.+Ivan+Kastriota%2C+otac+Skenderbegov%2C+ozenio+se+Voislavom+koja+je%22#search_anchor|accessdate=27 March 2012|page=77|quote=Njegov sin Pavle, gospodar od Sinje, imao je tri sina: Konstantina, Aleksu i Ivana... Ivan Kastriota, otac Skenderbegov, ozenio se Voislavom koja je}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hopf|1873|p=533}}{{quote|Constantino, Alessio, Giovanni}}</ref> Aleksa Kastrioti controlled three villages.<ref>{{Citation |last= Friedrich Johann Hopf |first=Carl Hermann |authorlink=Carl Hermann Friedrich Johann Hopf |coauthors= |author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link= |others= |title= Geschichte Griechenlands vom Beginn des Mittelalters bis auf unsere Zeit |trans_title= |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=IRUBAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Alerios+Kastriota%22&dq=%22Alerios+Kastriota%22&hl=sr&sa=X&ei=L_n9T6STOMLNtAb-3uirBQ&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg |volume= II |date= |origyear=1873 |year= 1960 |month= |publisher=B. Franklin |location= |language= German |isbn= |oclc=418936 |page= 97 |quote=... Alexios Kastriota, der über drei Ortschaften gebot,... }}</ref> Konstantin Kastrioti was [[protovestiar]] of Sina (Serina) near Durrazo.<ref>{{Citation |last= Friedrich Johann Hopf |first=Carl Hermann |authorlink=Carl Hermann Friedrich Johann Hopf |coauthors= |author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link= |others= |title= Geschichte Griechenlands vom Beginn des Mittelalters bis auf unsere Zeit |trans_title= |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=wjBNAAAAYAAJ&q=%22auch+konstantinos+kastriota%22&dq=%22auch+konstantinos+kastriota%22&source=bl&ots=ezAhcCEHTx&sig=cGwBBpLYhGqCYrjUuxBNIhqY-pk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=13UGUK2FEMyN4gSwwdibCQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA |volume= II |date= |origyear=1873 |year= 1960 |month= |publisher=B. Franklin |location= |language= German |isbn= |oclc=418936 |page= 94 |quote=... Auch KonstantinoS Kastriota, der den Titel Protovestiar führte und Serina unweit Durazzo ... }}</ref> According to Venetian document discovered by [[Karl Hopf]] his title was Lord of Cerüja castle ({{lang-lat|dominus Serinae}}).<ref>{{Citation |last= von Hahn; |first=Johann Georg |authorlink=Johann Georg von Hahn |coauthors= |author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link= |others= |title=Reise durch die Gebiete des Drin und Wardar : im Auftrage der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften unternommen im Jahre 1863 |trans_title= |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=dPxaAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=%22constantin+Kastriota%22&hl=sr&sa=X&ei=puIGULPGHYXVtAaKn7ivBg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22constantin%20Kastriota%22&f=false |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |origyear= |year= 1867 |month= |publisher= Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien |location= |language= |isbn= |oclc=220497422 |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id= |page=23 |quote=Professor Hopf fand nämlich eine venetianische Urkunde, in welcher Constantin Kastriota, Skanderbegs Grossvater, „dominus Serinae" genannt wird. |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref= }}</ref>
 
Gjon Kastrioti was most famous of three brothers. Like many other [[Albanian nobility|noblemen from Albania]], he became an Ottoman vassal since 1385.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historijski zbornik, Volumes 41-42|url= http://books.google.rs/books?ei=_3ORT7XPOcbHsgb09MmRBA&id=iaRnAAAAMAAJ&dq=kao+i+albanska+vlastela+Dimitrije+Jonima%2C+Koja+Zakarija%2C+Ivan+Kastriot+i+Tanu%C5%A1+Veliki+Duka%C4%91in.%22&q=%22kao+i+albanska+vlastela+Dimitrije+Jonima%2C+Koja+Zakarija%2C+Ivan+Kastriot+i+Tanu%C5%A1+Veliki+Duka%C4%91in.%22#search_anchor |year=1989|publisher=Nakladni zavod Hrvatske|location=Zagreb|OCLC=1752136|author=Povijesno društvo Hrvatske|accessdate=20 April 2012|page=24|language=Croatian|quote=dok je tesalski car Anđeli postao vazal još 1386. godine.2* Osmanski vazali bili su tada i... kao i albanska vlastela Dimitrije Jonima, Koja Zakarija, Ivan Kastriot i Tanuš Veliki Dukađin.}}</ref> He supported [[Bayezid I]] in the [[Battle of Ankara]] in 1402.<ref>The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest Author: John Van Antwerp Fine, Edition reprint, illustrated Publisher: University of Michigan Press, 1994 ISBN 0-472-08260-4, 9780472082605 p. 422 "Albanian vassals of the Ottomans — Koja Zakarija, Demetrius Jonima, John Castriot, and probably Tanush Majormajor Dukagjin"</ref> and revolted against the Ottomans during the [[Albanian Revolt of 1432-1436]] led by [[Gjergj Arianiti]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Pipa|first=Arshi|title=Studies on Kosova|year=1984|publisher=East European Monographs|isbn=9780880330473|url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=Mim5AAAAIAAJ&q=gjon+kastrioti+1432+uprising&dq=gjon+kastrioti+1432+uprising&hl=sr&sa=X&ei=iiSkT5j4N67S4QTOz6m8CQ&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBA|accessdate=4 May 2012|page=14|quote=Gjon Kas- trioti could not avoid participating in the great Albanian revolt of 1432- 1436}}</ref>
 
== Territori==
 
At the end of 14th century Pal had the title "segnior de Signa et de Gardi-ipostesi" (Sina ({{lang-sq|Sinë}}) and Lower Gardi ({{lang-sq|Gardhi i Poshtëm}})) because he ruled over those two villages.<ref>{{harvnb|Hopf|1873|p=533}}{{quote|Paolo, segneur de Signa et de Gardi-ipostesi}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last= Buda |first= Aleks |title= Shkrime historike |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=M8lyT_mcCMvusgam5ojkDQ&id=l5K4AAAAIAAJ&dq=kanina+kastrioti&q=%22Dokumentet+p%C3%ABrmendin+p%C3%ABr+her%C3%AB+t%C3%AB+par%C3%AB+nj%C3%AB+Kastriot+n%C3%AB+vitin+1368+si+k%C3%ABshtjellar+ose+kefali+n%C3%AB+Kanin%C3%AB+t%C3%AB+Vlor%C3%ABs.+Me+r%C3%ABnien+e+Balshajve+fillon+fuqizimi+i+Kastriot%C3%ABve.+Ata+kthehen+n%C3%AB+tokat+e+tyre+dhe+i+zgjerojn%C3%AB+pronat+n%C3%AB+lugin%C3%ABn+e+Drinit.%22#search_anchor |volume= 3 |date= |origyear= |year=2002 |month= |publisher= Shtëpia Botuese 8 Nëntorinëntori |location= Tiranë |language= |isbn=9789992716519 |oclc=163395350 |page= 239 |quote=Në fund të shek. XIV Pal Kastrioti kishte këtu dy fshatra. Sinjën dhe Gardhin e Poshtëm.}}</ref> According to some sources the villages he governed were located on the mountain of Qidhna northwest of [[Debar]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Recherches albanologiques: Série historique, Volume 12|year=1982|publisher=Albanološki institut u Prištini|location=Priština|url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=SGlxT-L8Konysgaot-3cDQ&id=qKLiAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Pal+kastrioti%22&q=%22+nord-ouest+de+Dibra%22#search_anchor|accessdate=27 March 2012|page=67|language=French|quote=Le grand-pére de Scanderbeg s'appelait Pal Kastrioti, qui au cours de la Ile moitié du XlVe siècle était un petit féodal-maître de Sina et de Gardhi i Poshtëm. Ces deux villages se trouvent à la montagne de Qidhna dans le nord-ouest de Dibra.}}</ref> Those two villages [[Balša II]] (the lord of Zeta) granted to Pal Kastrioti around 1383 as a [[Fee (feudal tenure)|fief]].<ref>{{harvnb|Šufflay|2000|p=148}}{{quote|Od Balše II (oko 1383.g.) dobio je on u leno dva sela u srednjoj Albaniji na Matu.}}</ref> The decline of the [[Balšić noble family|Balšić]] family marked the ascendancy of the Kastrioti family.<ref>{{Citation |last= Buda |first= Aleks |title= Shkrime historike |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=M8lyT_mcCMvusgam5ojkDQ&id=l5K4AAAAIAAJ&dq=kanina+kastrioti&q=%22Dokumentet+p%C3%ABrmendin+p%C3%ABr+her%C3%AB+t%C3%AB+par%C3%AB+nj%C3%AB+Kastriot+n%C3%AB+vitin+1368+si+k%C3%ABshtjellar+ose+kefali+n%C3%AB+Kanin%C3%AB+t%C3%AB+Vlor%C3%ABs.+Me+r%C3%ABnien+e+Balshajve+fillon+fuqizimi+i+Kastriot%C3%ABve.+Ata+kthehen+n%C3%AB+tokat+e+tyre+dhe+i+zgjerojn%C3%AB+pronat+n%C3%AB+lugin%C3%ABn+e+Drinit.%22#search_anchor |volume= 3 |date= |origyear= |year=2002 |month= |publisher= Shtëpia Botuese 8 Nëntorinëntori |location= Tiranë |language= |isbn=9789992716519 |oclc=163395350 |page= 239 |quote=Me rënien e Balshajve fillon fuqizimi i Kastriotëve.}}</ref> Gjon Kastrioti managed to expand the territory of Kastrioti's domain consisting of a couple of villages in the region of [[Debar]] by capturing the region of [[Mat District|Mat]].<ref>{{Citation |last= Bartl |first= Peter |others=translated by Ljubinka Milenković |title=Albanci : od srednjeg veka do danas |url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/49463125/Albanci-od-srednjeg-veka-do-danas-Peter-Bartl |accessdate= 1 February 2012 |origyear= 1995 |year=2001 |month= |publisher= Clio |location= Belgrade |language= Serbian |isbn=9788671020176 |oclc= 51036121 |page=40 |pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote=Његов деда поседовао је неколико села у области Дебра. Отац је проширио породично имање на област Мати |ref= }}</ref> After Gjon's subjugation to the Ottomans his former estates would be surveyed in Ottoman registers as Yuvan-ili.<ref>{{harvnb|İnalcık|1995|p=77}}{{quote|Ces neuf villages, toujours selon le registre en question, étaient situés dans les terres de Jean (Yuvan-ili), c'est-à-dire qu'ils appartenaient aux domaines de Jean Kastriote, le père de Skanderbeg. ( These nine villages, according to the register in question, were located in the land of John (Yuvan-ili), that is to say they were part of John Kastrioti's property.)}}</ref> One part of Gjon Kastrioti's domain comprising nine villages became a [[timar]] which was governed by [[Skanderbeg]] before it was granted to André Karlo in 1438, much to Skanderbeg's dismay.<ref>{{harvnb|İnalcık|1995|p=77}}</ref>
 
==Shenime==