Europa (hënë): Dallime mes rishikimesh

{{Infobox planet|name=Europa|rotation=[[synchronous rotation|Synchronous]]<ref name=Geissler/>|surface_area={{val|3.09|e=7|u=km2}} (0.061 Earths)<ref group=lower-alpha>Surface area derived from the radius (''r''): 4{{pi}}''r''².</ref>|volume={{val|1.593|e=10|u=km3}} (0.015 Earths)<ref group=lower-alpha>Volume derived from the radius (''r''): ⁴/₃{{pi}}''r''³.</ref>|mass={{val|4.799844|.000013|e=22|u=kg}} (0.008 Earths)<ref name="jplfact"/>|density={{val|3.013|.005|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="jplfact"/>|surface_grav={{val|1.314|ul=m/s2}} (0.134 g)<ref group=lower-alpha>Surface gravity derived from the mass (''m''), the [[gravitational constant]] (''G'') and the radius (''r''): G''m''/''r''².</ref>|moment_of_inertia_factor={{val|0.346|0.005}}<ref name="Showman1999">{{cite journal|last1= Showman|first1=A. P.|last2= Malhotra|first2= R.|s2cid=9492520|title=The Galilean Satellites|journal= Science|volume= 286|issue= 5437|date= 1 October 1999|pages =77–84|doi= 10.1126/science.286.5437.77|pmid=10506564}}</ref> (estimate)|escape_velocity={{val|2.025|u=km/s}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Escape velocity derived from the mass (''m''), the [[gravitational constant]] (''G'') and the radius (''r''): <math>\textstyle\sqrt{2Gm/r}</math>.</ref>|axial_tilt=0.1°<ref name="Bills2005">{{cite journal|last=Bills|first=Bruce G.|title=Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter|date=2005|volume=175|issue=1|pages=233–247|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028|bibcode=2005Icar..175..233B|journal=Icarus |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1259023}}</ref>|group=[[Galilean moon]]|albedo=0.67&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.03<ref name="jplfact">{{cite web|last=Yeomans|first=Donald K.|date=13 July 2006|title=Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters|publisher=JPL Solar System Dynamics|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par|accessdate=5 November 2007 }}</ref>|magnitude=5.29 ([[Opposition (astronomy and astrology)|opposition]])<ref name="jplfact"/>|temp_name1=Surface|min_temp_1=≈&thinsp;50 [[kelvin|K]]<ref name="cyclo"/>|mean_temp_1=102&nbsp;K (−171.15&nbsp;°C)|max_temp_1=125&nbsp;K|atmosphere=yes|mean_radius={{val|1560.8|.5|u=km}} (0.245 [[Earth]]s)<ref name="jplfact"/>|satellite_of=[[Jupiter]]|alt_names=Jupiter II|discovered=8 January 1610<ref name="IAUMoonDiscoveries"/>|pronounced={{IPAc-en|j|ʊ|ˈ|r|oʊ|p|ə}}<ref>{{Lexico|Europa}}<br>{{MW|Europa}}</ref>|adjectives=Europan {{IPAc-en|j|ʊ|ˈ|r|oʊ|p|ə|n}}<ref>G.G. Schaber (1982) "Geology of Europa", in David Morrison, ed., ''Satellites of Jupiter'', vol. 3, International Astronomical Union, p 556 ff.</ref><ref name="Greenberg 2005">Greenberg (2005) ''Europa: the ocean moon''</ref>|named_after=[[Europa (mythology)|Ευρώπη]] ''Eyrōpē''|image=Europa-moon-with-margins.jpg|caption=Europa's trailing hemisphere in approximate natural color. The prominent crater in the lower right is [[Pwyll (crater)|Pwyll]] and the darker regions are areas where Europa's primarily water ice surface has a higher mineral content. Imaged on 7 September 1996 by ''[[Galileo (spacecraft)|Galileo]]'' spacecraft.|bgcolour=#a0ffa0|discoverer=[[Galileo Galilei]]<br />[[Simon Marius]]|orbit_ref=<ref name="horizons">{{cite web|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi|title=JPL HORIZONS solar system data and ephemeris computation service|work=Solar System Dynamics|publisher=[[NASA]], Jet Propulsion Laboratory|accessdate=10 August 2007 }}</ref>|inclination=0.470° (to Jupiter's equator)<br />1.791° (to the [[ecliptic]])<ref name="factsheet"/>|epoch=8 January 2004|mean_orbit_radius={{val|670900|u=km}}<ref name="factsheet">{{cite web|title=Overview of Europa Facts|work=NASA|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Europa|accessdate=27 December 2007|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326221921/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Europa|archivedate=26 March 2014 }}</ref>|eccentricity=0.009<ref name="factsheet"/>|periapsis={{val|664862|u=km}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Periapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (''a'') and eccentricity (''e''): ''a''(1&nbsp;−&nbsp;''e'').</ref>|apoapsis={{val|676938|u=km}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Apoapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (''a'') and eccentricity (''e''): ''a''(1&nbsp;+&nbsp;''e'').</ref>|period={{val|3.551181|u=d}}<ref name="factsheet"/>|avg_speed={{val|13.740|u=km/s}}<ref name="factsheet"/>|surface_pressure=0.1 [[Pascal (unit)|µPa]] (10⁻¹² [[bar (unit)|bar]])<ref name="McGrathChapter">{{cite book|last=McGrath|editor1=Pappalardo, Robert T.|editor2=McKinnon, William B.|editor3=Khurana, Krishan K.|title=Europa|date=2009|publisher=University of Arizona Press|isbn=978-0-8165-2844-8|chapter=Atmosphere of Europa }}</ref>}}'''Europa''' /j ʊ r oʊ p ə / ([[null|lidhje=|Në lidhje me këtë tingull]] / ) , ose '''Jupiter II''', është më e vogla nga katër hënat Galilease që rrotullohen rreth [[Jupiteri|Jupiterit]], dhe e gjashta më e afërta me planetin nga të gjitha 79 hënat e tjera të Jupiterit . Ajo është gjithashtu hëna e gjashtë për nga madhësia në [[Sistemi diellor|Sistemin Diellor]] . Europa u zbulua në vitin1610 nga [[Galileo Galilei|Galile Galileu]] dhe u emërua pas [[Europa (mitologji)|Europa]], nëna [[Fenikasit|fenikase]] e mbretit [[Minosi|Minos]] të [[Kreta|Kretës]] dhe dashnore e [[Zeusi|Zeusit]] (ekuivalenti grek i perëndisë romake Jupiter ).▼