Flutura

Flutura
	Cairns Birdwing, Flutura më e madhe në Australi (Melbourne Zoo).
Klasifikimi shkencor
Mbretëria:	Animalia
Filumi:	Arthropoda
Klasa:	Insecta
Rendi:	Lepidoptera
Pa klasifikuar:	Rhopalocera
Subgroups
	Superfamily Hedyloidea: Hedylidae; ; Superfamily Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae; ; Superfamily Papilionoidea: Papilionidae; Pieridae; Nymphalidae; Lycaenidae; Riodinidae; ;

Flutura është insekt i rendit lepidoptera. Flutur, është emërtim i përgjithshëm për disa lloje kandrash fluturuese, me katër krahë të mbuluar me luspa të imëta si pluhur, me ngjyra të ndryshme, me feçkë e brirthë për të thithur dhe për të ndier, disa prej të cilave dëmtojnë bimët.

Shtimi

Një flutur shumohet me vezë. Kur një flutur femër çiftezohet i lëshon vezët mbi një pemë dhe ngordh. Prej vezës del një qënie që quhet vemje.

Larvat

Fluturat e fillojnë jetën si larva (vemje të spërdredhura të cilat lindin nga vezët). Larvat hanë shumë gjethe dhe kur arrijnë madhësinë e duhur, ngjiten pas degëve. Ato formojnë guaska të forta të quajtura krizalida. Brenda krizalidës, larva shndërrohet në flutur. Kur flutura formohet plotësisht, ajo del nga krizalida.

Morfologjia e jashtme

Polimorfizmi

Mimikri

Polifenizmi sezonal

Sjelljet

Shumica e tyre jane të mira me njerëzit prandaj dhe njerëzit me to.

Nita

Mbrojtja

Kur nuk është mbrojtur nga kafshët e tjera kthehet në formën e kokës së një gjarpri dhe shkon në një degë. Në këtë mënyrë dega është trupi i gjarprit ndërsa flutura është koka. Kafshët e tjera frikësohen nga flutura vetëm në atë menyrë.

Lloje të njohura jane

Në botë jetojnë nga 15,000 deri më 20,000 lloje të ndryshme fluturash. Disa nga llojet më të njohura janë:

Swallowtails and Birdwings, Familja Papilionidae
- Common Yellow Swallowtail, Papilio machaon
- Spicebush Swallowtail, Papilio troilus
- Lime Butterfly, Papilio demoleus
- Ornithoptera genus (Birdwings; the largest butterflies)
Whites or Yellows, Family Pieridae
- Small White, Pieris rapae
- Green-veined White, Pieris napi
- Common Jezebel, Delias eucharis
Blues and Coppers or Gossamer-Winged Butterflies, Familja Lycaenidae
- Xerces Blue, Glaucopsyche xerces
- Karner Blue, Lycaeides melissa samuelis
- Red Pierrot, Talicada nyseus
Metalmark butterflies, Familja Riodinidae
- Lange's Metalmark Butterfly
- Plum Judy, Abisara echerius
Brush-footed butterflies, Familja Nymphalidae
- Painted Lady, or Cosmopolite, Vanessa cardui
- Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus
- Morpho genus
- Speckled Wood, Pararge aegeria

Në kulturë

Art

Simbolika

Foto galeria

Familja Papilionidae

Emerald Swallowtail (Papilio palinurus), Metro Toronto Zoo
Scarce Swallowtail,
Iphiclides podalirius.
Palawan Birdwing,
Troides trojana.
Blue Mormon,
Papilio polymnestor.
Crimson Rose,
Pachliopta hector.
Pipevine Swallowtail,
Battus philenor.
Common Mime,
Chilasa clytia.
Blue Mormon,
Papilio polymnestor.

Familja Pieridae

Green-veined White,
Pieris napi.
The Orange Tip,
Anthocharis cardamines.
Common Jezebel,
Delias eucharis.
Common Brimstone,
Gonepteryx rhamni.

Familja Riodinidae

Punchinello,
Zemeros flegyas
Tailed Judy,
Abisara neophron

Familja Nymphalidae

Monarch Butterfly,
Danaus plexippus
Common Nawab,
Polyura athamas,
a charaxine Nymphalid
from India.
Morpho rhetenor helena a morphine from
South America.
Julia Heliconian,
Dryas julia.
Sara Longwing,
Heliconius sara
a heliconine nymphalid.
Glasswing butterfly,
Greta oto.
Lorquin's Admiral,
Limenitis lorquini
a limenitidine nymphalid.
Leopard Lacewing,
Cethosia cyane of
subfamily Cyrestinae.
Peacock Butterfly,
Inachis io.
Comma Butterfly,
Polygonia c-album.
Crimson Patch,
Chlosyne janais.

Familja Lycaenidae

Red Pierrot,
Talicada nyseus.
Small Copper,
Lycaena phlaeas.
Monkey Puzzle,
Rathinda amor.
Banded Blue Pierrot,
Discolampa ethion.

Familja Hesperiidae

Fiery Skipper
Hylephila phyleus

Shih edhe

Referimet

Literaturë tjetër

Boggs, C., Watt, W., Ehrlich, P. 2003. Butterflies: Evolution and Ecology Taking Flight. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA. - Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Heppner, J. B. 1998. Classification of Lepidoptera. Holarctic Lepidoptera, Suppl. 1. - Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Pyle, R. M. 1992. Handbook for Butterfly Watchers. Houghton Mifflin. First published, 1984. ISBN 0-395-61629-8 - Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Nemos, F. ca. 1895. Europas bekannteste Schmetterlinge. Beschreibung der wichtigsten Arten und Anleitung zur Kenntnis und zum Sammeln der Schmetterlinge und Raupen Oestergaard Verlag, Berlin, (pdf 77MB) - Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.

Literaturë me lista fluturash

Flutur e kaltër ose likaenide.

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Butterflies of North America, Jim P. Brock and Kenn Kaufman (2003)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies through Binoculars: The East, Jeffrey Glassberg (1999)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies through Binoculars: The West, Jeffrey Glassberg (2001)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
A Field Guide to Eastern Butterflies, Paul Opler (1994)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
A Field Guide to Western Butterflies, Paul Opler (1999)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Peterson First Guide to Butterflies and Moths, Paul Opler (1994)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Las Mariposas de Machu Picchu by Gerardo Lamas (2003)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland by Jim Asher (Editor), et al.- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Pocket Guide to the Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland by Richard Lewington- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Britain and Europe (Collins Wildlife Trust Guides) by Michael Chinery- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Europe by Tom Tolman and Richard Lewington (2001)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Europe New Field Guide and Key by Tristan Lafranchis (2004)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Field Guide to Butterlies of South Africa by Steve Woodhall (2005)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History by Meena Haribal (1994).- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Peninsular India by Krushnamegh Kunte, Universities Press (2005).- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of the Indian Region by Col M. A. Wynter-Blyth, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India (1957).- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
A Guide to Common Butterflies of Singapore by Steven Neo Say Hian (Singapore Science Centre)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of West Malaysia and Singapore by W.A.Fleming. (Longman Malaysia)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
The Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula by A.S. Corbet and H. M. Pendlebury. (The Malayan Nature Society)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.

Lidhje të jashtme

Lidhje të përgjithëshme

Papilionoidea on the Tree of Life Web project Arkivuar 11 dhjetor 2008 tek Wayback Machine- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.

Lista regjionale fluturash

Collodi Butterfly House Tuscany- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies and Moths of North America- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
North American Butterfly Association (NABA)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies and Moths in the Netherlands- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Insect and butterfly diversity of Pakistan- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Southern India Arkivuar 18 dhjetor 2008 tek Wayback Machine- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Sri Lanka- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Singapore- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Israel Insect World Arkivuar 22 tetor 2022 tek Wayback Machine- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Singapore Butterfly Checklist- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterfly Conservation Society of Taiwan- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Morocco- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Indo-China Chiefly Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Southeastern Sulawesi- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Thailand- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of Mexico- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.

Foto/Filma

BugGuide.net Many images of North American butterflies, many licensed via Creative Commons- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterfly of Brazil- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Reference quality large format photographs, common butterflies of North America- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Gallery of Florida Butterflies and Moths- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterfly Picture Gallery- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Photographs of most of the Butterflies in Southern California- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterflies of France- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Butterfly Movies (Tree of Life) Arkivuar 20 janar 2009 tek Wayback Machine- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
1000+ photos of Massachusetts butterflies^{[lidhje e vdekur]}- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
European butterfly pictures - common names and wildlife photography Arkivuar 7 shkurt 2009 tek Wayback Machine- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.