Vojsava Kastrioti: Dallime mes rishikimesh
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Rreshti 1:
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Voisava Tripalda
| other_names = Vojsava, Tribalda{{Cref2|A|2}}
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| ethnicity = [[#Geneaology|Disputed, see ''Geneaology'']]
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| known_for = Mother of Skanderbeg
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| religion = Christianity{{Cref2|B}}
| spouse = [[Gjon Kastrioti]]
| children = [[#Family|9 children, see ''Family'']]
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'''Voisava Tripalda'''{{Cref2|A|1}} ([[floruit|fl.]] 1402-1405) was a [[noble woman]], possibly a daughter of a lord from [[Polog]] (in modern [[Republic of Macedonia]]). Through her marriage with [[Gjon Kastrioti]], she had nine children, one of whom was the most powerful [[Albanians|Albanian]] nobleman in history, proclaimed national hero [[Skanderbeg|George Kastrioti ''"Skanderbeg"'']].
==Geneaology==
There is a debate on the ethnicity of Voisava.
===Early sources===
The first works providing information on Voisava's origins are:
*[[Marin Barleti]] (1450-1513), the Albanian-Venetian historian, wrote in his biography of Skanderbeg (published between 1508-1510), that she was the "daughter of a lord of the [[Triballi]]ans".<ref name=BarletiuslIfo2>Barletius, l. I, fo 2: «uxori Voisavae nomen erat non indignam eo viro tum pater nobilissimus Triballorum princeps, tum forma...»</ref><ref>Gegaj 1937, [http://books.google.com/books?id=usxBAAAAYAAJ&q=%22uxori+Voisavae+nomen+erat%22&dq=%22uxori+Voisavae+nomen+erat%22&hl=en p. 40]</ref> In another chapter, when talking about the inhabitants of Upper [[Debar]] that defended Svetigrad, he calls them "Bulgarians or Triballi".<ref>Barletius, l. V, fo. 62: "Superior Dibra montuosa est et aspera, ferax tarnen et Macedoniam tum ipsa loci vicinitate, tum similitudine morum contingens. Bulgari sive Tribali habitant"</ref> However, the term "Triballians" (Triballoi) appears frequently in Byzantine and other European works of the Middle Ages, referring exclusively to [[Serbs]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/?id=jFPQAAAAMAAJ&q=triballians The Journal of Hellenic studies] Page 48: "Byzantine historians [...] calling [...] Serbs ''Triballians''"</ref><ref>Stuck 1577, [http://books.google.gr/books?id=vRZKISETNi0C&pg=PR79&lpg=PR79 p. 51]</ref><ref>Foxe 1837, p. 27</ref>
*[[Gjon Muzaka]] (fl. 1510), an Albanian nobleman of the [[Muzaka family]], alleged in his ''Muzaka Chronicle'' (published in 1510) that the "Marquis of Tripalda" was maternally related to the Muzaka.<ref>Musachi, [http://books.google.com/books?id=xTvPAAAAMAAJ&q=%22e+venne+da+bona+parte%22&dq=%22e+venne+da+bona+parte%22&hl=en p. 301]: "Accio sappiate, in che modo c'era parente il Signor marchese della Tripalda, ve dico, che l'e per parte de donna... (Know that the Marquis of Tripalda is related to us by a female line);</ref> Furthermore, in another chapter, he assigns the "Triballi" to the Serbs.<ref>Muzachi, p. 313: "...Tribali overo Misii ch' hoggi se nominato Serviani."</ref>
===Modern sources===
{{expand section|date=April 2012}}
*[[Johann Georg von Hahn]] (1811-1869), Austrian expert in Albanian studies, had several thesis on the geneaology of Voisava in ''Albanesische Studien'' (1854), including a possible relation with the Branai family or [[Vrana Konti]].<ref>Hahn, [http://i1179.photobucket.com/albums/x387/byzas45/HahnBranai.jpg?t=1308124467 p. 309], elaborating on possible relation of Voisava with the Branai family or [[Vrana Konti]].</ref>
*[[Karl Hopf]] (1832-1873), German historian and expert in Byzantine studies, in ''Chroniques Greco-romanes'' (1873) concludes that Voisava was daughter of a Serbian lord from Polog.<ref>[http://i1179.photobucket.com/albums/x387/byzas45/FamilleCastriota.jpg K. Hopf, Castrioti family tree, p. 533]: "''fille du seigneur (Serbe) de Polog''”</ref>
*[[Fan S. Noli]] (1882–1965), an Albanian-American writer, in his biography of Skanderbeg (1947), adopted the view that Vojsava came from the Muzaka family.<ref>Noli 1947, p. 189, note 33.</ref><ref>Babinger 1992, [http://books.google.com/books?id=PPxC6rO7vvsC&pg=PA53 p. 53]</ref> [[Harry Hodgkinson (writer)|Harry Hodgkinson]], too, considers her a member of the Muzaka family.,<ref>Hodgkinson, p. 240</ref> although his work does not provide information from any modern original research.<ref>Schmitt 2009, p. 8: "Gelandekundige, wie etwa ein britischer Geheimdienstoffizier des Zweiten Weltkriegs (H.Hodgkinson), wiederum, hatten keine Archivarbeit betrieben"</ref>
*[[Strashimir Dimitrov]] (1892-1960), [[Bulgarian Academy of Sciences|Bulgarian Academician]], says that Vojsava was a daughter of a local Bulgarian [[boyar]] from Macedonia.<ref>Димитров, Страшимир: Георги Кастриоти-Скендербег и неговата освободителна борба, В: Г. Кастриоти Скендербег 1468-1968 г. София, сп. “Балкани”, БАН, No2, 1970, стр. 11.</ref>
*Boban Petrovski (b. 1972), a modern Macedonian historian, the author of ''Voisava Tribalda'' (2006), the only work about Voisava and her possible geneaologies, concludes that Voisava was of Slavic origin, most likely Serb, the daughter of a lord of the "Triballians" in Polog, that ruled before the Ottoman conquest.<ref>Petrovski, pp. 2, 3, 10</ref> He has several thesis on the ultimate identity of Voisava's father; "If the [[Branković|Branković family]] indeed governed Polog in the last decade of the 14th century, it arises the chance that Voisava was a daughter of [[Grgur Golubić|Kesar Grgur/Grgur Branković]] or even [[Vuk Branković]]."<ref>Petrovski, "Доколку ја прифатиме оваа варијанта, според која Бранковиките биле господари на/во Полог до почетког на последната деценија од XIV век, во тој случај произлегува дека Воисава била керка на Гргур или пак, можеби на Вук Бранковик."</ref>
*[[Oliver Schmitt]] (b. 1973), professor of South-East European history at [[Vienna University]], in his biography ''Skanderbeg. Der neue Alexander auf dem Balkan'' (2009) supports that she was Serbian, from the Branković, close relative to [[Mara Branković]].<ref>Schmitt (2009), pp. 44, 45.; [http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/kultur/buecher/Schweizer-Historiker-beleidigt-Albaner/story/19392466 "Skanderbegs Mutter Vojsava war eine Serbin aus der einflussreichen Familie Brankovic."]</ref>
==Family==
{{expand section|date=April 2012}}
Voisava married [[Gjon Kastrioti]], the "Lord of a part of Albania" (dominus partium Albanie). She bore 9 children with Gjon, 4 sons and 5 daughters:
*[[Stanisha Kastrioti|Stanisha]] (†1445),
*[[Reposh Kastrioti|Reposh]], later took monastic vows
*[[Konstandin Kastrioti|Konstandin]],
*[[Mara Kastrioti|Mara]], married to [[Stefan I Crnojević]]
*[[Skanderbeg|George - Skanderbeg]] (1405-1468), Albanian national hero; Ottoman ''subaşi'' of Krujë, ''sanjakbey'' of Dibra, later organizer of the [[League of Lezhe]], and Napolitan vassal as of 1451
*[[Jelena Kastrioti|Jelena]], married [[Pavle Balšić]]<ref name=TS>Nicol 1997, [http://books.google.com/books?id=OEvWBG6Ct3YC] p. 96</ref>
*[[Mamica Kastrioti]], married [[Musachio Thopia]] in 1445<ref name=TS/>
*[[Angelina Kastrioti|Angelina]], married [[Vladin Arianites]], brother of [[Gjergj Arianiti]]
*[[Vlajka Kastrioti|Vlajka]], married [[Ghin Musachi]],<ref name=TS/> secondly [[Stefan Strez Balšić]]<ref>Noli 1947, p. 64: "Vlajka me Stefan Stres Balshën"</ref> with whom she possibly had sons [[Ivan Strez Balšić]] and [[Gojko Balšić]]<ref>Gopčević 1914, p. 460: "Bezüglich der Strez herrscht Verwirrung. Hopf macht Ivo und Gojko BalSid zu Söhnen des Stefan Strez, welcher Vlajka Kastriota geheiratet hätte und Sohn des Gjuragj Balšić gewesen wäre, eines Bastards des Gjuragj I."</ref>
==Annotations==
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=upper-alpha}}
{{Cnote2|A|'''Name:''' Barleti gives her name as simply "Voisava" ({{lang-lat|Voisava}}),<ref name=BarletiuslIfo2/> without any surname. According to Muzaka her name was "Voisava Tripalda".<ref>Hopf 1873, p. 301, quoting Muzaka: "Muzachi "E la madre de detto Signor Scanderbeg, moglie del detto Signor Giovanni, hebbe nome Signora Voisava Tripalda e venne da bonna parte"</ref> According to Potter,<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/pss/554790 JSTOR: The English Historical Review, Vol. 53, No. 209 (Jan., 1938), pp. 129-131]</ref> and Hahn, the surname added by Muzaka is a corruption or derivative from Barleti's quote on the Triballi.<ref>J.G. von Hahn, Reise durch die Gebiet des Drin und Wardar, p. 305: "Skanderbeg's Mutter wird von dem Despoten einmal Visava Tribalda (*), ein andersmal Voisava Tripalda genannt, ...". (*)(Footnote 3) "Dieser Name mag vielleicth Anlass zu der sonderbaren Angabe des Barletius S. 4 gegeben haben, dass ihr Vater nobilissimus Tribalorum princeps gewesen sei." ("Tribalda" or "Tripalda" is a corruption or derivative from Barleti's quotation on Triballi)</ref><ref>Denkschriften Vol. 16, 1869, [http://books.google.com/?id=ri3mAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA117 p. 117]</ref> The given name is also rendered as '''Vojsava''', and her possible surname as '''Tribalda'''.
The name "Voisava" is Slavic,<ref>Gegaj 1937, p. 36: "Le nom Voisava est certes d'origine ''slave'', mais on ne peut en conclure, comme le fait JORGA, Brève histoire"</ref><ref>Jireček, Geschichle der Bulgaren, t. II, p. 368: "''affirme aussi l'origine slave des Castriota''"</ref> derived from '''[[Vojislav]]a'''.<ref>Šimundić 1988, [http://books.google.com/?id=9wAdAAAAYAAJ&q=voisava p. 370]</ref>}}
{{Cnote2|B|'''Religion:''' The religion of [[Gjon Kastrioti]], Voisava's husband, was directly influenced by the international balance of political powers. When he was an ally of Venice, in period 1407—1410, he was [[Roman Catholic]]. After he allied himself with [[Stefan Lazarević]], despot of [[Serbian Despotate]] in period 1419—1426, he converted to [[Orthodox Christianity|Orthodoxy]], and in 1431 he was converted to [[Islam]] due to his vassalage to the Ottoman Empire.<ref>Egro 2010, [http://books.google.com/books?id=aCdYHU9PtiIC&pg=PA20 p. 20]: "Gjon Kastrioti...was a Roman Catholic from 1407-1410, as an ally of Venice...he converted to Orthodoxy from 1419-1426, accepting the alliance of Stephen Lazarevic of Serbia."</ref>}}
{{cnote2 end}}
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
===Sources===
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{Citation |author=Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien|title=Denkschriften, Vol 16|url=http://books.google.com/?id=ri3mAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA117|year=1869|publisher=Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse|edition=University of Michigan|language=German}}
*{{cite book|last=Babinger|first=Franz|title=Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PPxC6rO7vvsC|accessdate=24 May 2011|year=1992|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-01078-6}}
*{{Citation |last=Egro|first=Dritan |author=Dritan Egro |editor=Oliver Jens Schmitt |editor-link= Oliver Jens Schmitt|title=Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=aCdYHU9PtiIC |volume= 4 |year=2010 |location=Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien |isbn= 978-3-631-60295-9 |page=20 |quote=Kastrioti}}
*{{Citation |author=[[John Foxe|Foxe, John]] (1517–1587)|title=Acts and Monuments, vol. 4|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/actsmonumentsofj04foxe/actsmonumentsofj04foxe_djvu.txt|publisher=R.B. Seeley & W. Burnside|location=London|year=1837}}
*{{Citation|last=Gegaj|first=Athanase|title=L'Albanie et l'Invasion turque au XVe siècle|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=usxBAAAAYAAJ|year=1937|publisher=Universite de Louvain|oclc=652265147|language=French}}
*{{cite book|last=Gopčević|first=Spiridon|year=1914|title= Geschichte von Montenegro und Albanien|publisher=F.A. Perthes|location=Gotha|oclc=9968504|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=67VwT_GlG8PAtAbTxfnFAg|author=Spiridon Gopčević|authorlink=Spiridon Gopčević|accessdate=29 March 2012|language=German|quote=Kastriota}}
*{{Citation|last=Hahn|first=Johann Georg von|title=Reise durch die Gebiete von Drin und Wardar|location=Wien|year=1867|language=German}}
*{{cite book|last=Hodgkinson|first=Harry|title=Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero|page=240|publisher=I. B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-85043-941-7}}
*{{Citation|last=Jireček|first=Konstantin|title=Geschichte der Bulgaren|language=German}}
*{{Citation|last=Musachi|first=Giovanni|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xTvPAAAAMAAJ|title=Chroniques gréco-romanes inédites ou peu connues|language=French}}
*{{Citation|last=Muzachi|first=Giovani|editor=G. J. Hopf|title=Chroniques Grecoromaines|language=Italian}}
*{{Citation|last=Noli|first=Fan Stilian|authorlink=Fan Stilian Noli|year=1947|title=George Castrioti Scanderbeg (1405–1468)|publisher=International Universities Press|oclc=732882|language=Albanian}}
*{{Citation |last= Petrovski |first= Boban |author= Boban Petrovski |title=Воисава Трибалда (Voisava Tribalda) |url=http://www.makedonika.org/whatsnew/nikolazezov/Petrovski,%20B.%20-%20Voisava%20Tribalda.pdf |year=2006 |location= Skopje |language= Macedonian}}
*{{Citation |last= Schmitt |first= Oliver Jens |author= Schmitt Oliver Jens |title= Skanderbeg. Der neue Alexander auf dem Balkan |year=2009 |publisher= Verlag Friedrich Pustet |location= Regensburg |language= German}}
*{{Citation |author=Šimundić, Mate|year=1988|title=Rječnik osobnih imena|url=http://books.google.com/?id=9wAdAAAAYAAJ&q=voisava|quote="VOISAVA"|publisher=[[Matica hrvatska]]|language=Croatian|location=Zagreb}}
*{{Citation |last=Stuck|first=Whilhelm|author=Guilielmus Stukius Tigurinus|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vRZKISETNi0C|title=Comments on Arriani historici et philosophi Ponti Euxini et maris Erythraei Periplus|publisher=Lugduni|year=1577}}
{{refend}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME =Tripalda, Voisava
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =Tribalda, Vojsava
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Mother of Skanderbeg
| DATE OF BIRTH =2nd half of the 14th century
| PLACE OF BIRTH =Polog
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tripalda, Vojsava}}
[[Category:15th-century Albanian people]]
[[Category:15th-century women]]
[[Category:Kastrioti family]]
[[Category:Skanderbeg]]
[[Category:Albanian nobility]]
[[sh:Vojislava Kastriot]]
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