Gjykata Ndërkombëtare Penale për ish Jugosllavinë (International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia) [1] i njohur edhe me emrin Tribunali Ndërkombëtar për Krimet e Luftës në Jugosllavi ishte një organ i Kombeve të Bashkuara i themeluar për të ndjekur penalisht krime të rënda të kryera gjatë Luftërave Jugosllave dhe për të gjykuar autorët e tyre. Tribunali ishte një gjykatë ad hoc me seli në Hagë, Holandë .

Logo e Tribunalit

Gjykata u krijua me Rezolutën 827 të Këshillit të Sigurimit të Kombeve të Bashkuara, e cila u miratua më 25 maj 1993. Ajo kishte juridiksion mbi katër grupe krimesh të kryera në territorin e ish-Jugosllavisë që nga viti 1991: shkelje të rënda të Konventave të Gjenevës, shkelje të ligjeve ose zakoneve të luftës, gjenocid dhe krime kundër njerëzimit. Dënimi maksimal që mund të shqiptojë ishte burgimi i përjetshëm. Vende të ndryshme nënshkruan marrëveshje me Kombet e Bashkuara për ekzekutimin e dënimeve me burgim.

Gjithsej 161 persona u paditën; aktakuzat përfundimtare u lëshuan në dhjetor 2004, e fundit nga të cilat u konfirmuan dhe u vulosën në pranverën e vitit 2005. [2] I arratisuri përfundimtar, Goran Hadžić, u arrestua më 20 korrik 2011. [3] Aktgjykimi përfundimtar u lëshua më 29 nëntor 2017 [4] dhe institucioni zyrtarisht pushoi së ekzistuari më 31 dhjetor 2017. [5]

Funksionet e mbetura të Gjykatës, duke përfshirë mbikëqyrjen e dënimeve dhe shqyrtimin e çdo procedure ankese të filluar që nga 1 korriku 2013, janë nën juridiksionin e një organi pasues, Mekanizmi Ndërkombëtar i Mbetjeve për Tribunalet Penale (IRMCT). [6] [7]

Shih edhe

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Literatura

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  • Aldrich, G.H.: Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, American Journal of International Law, 1996, pp. 64–68h
  • Bachmann, Klaus; Sparrow-Botero, Thomas and Lambertz, Peter: When justice meets politics. Independence and autonomy of ad hoc international criminal tribunals. Peter Lang International 2013.
  • Bassiouni, M.C.: The Law of the International Criminal Tribunal of the Former Yugoslavia, New York, Transnational Publications, 1996.
  • Boelaert-Suominen, S.: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) anno 1999: its place in the international legal system, mandate and most notable jurisprudence, Polish Yearbook of International Law, 2001, pp. 95–155.
  • Boelaert-Suominen, S.: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the Kosovo Conflict, International Review of the Red Cross, 2000, pp. 217–251.
  • Campbell, Kirsten (dhjetor 2007). "The gender of transitional justice: Law, sexual violence and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia". International Journal of Transitional Justice (në anglisht). Oxford University Press. 1 (3): 411–432. doi:10.1093/ijtj/ijm033.
  • Cassese, Antonio: The ICTY: A Living and Vital Reality", Journal of International Criminal Justice Vol.2, 2004, No.2, pp. 585–597
  • Cisse, C.: The International Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda: some elements of comparison, Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems, 1997, pp. 103–118.
  • Clark, R.S. and SANN, M.: A critical study of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, European Journal of International Law, 1997, pp. 198–200.
  • Goldstone, R.J.: Assessing the work of the United Nations war crimes tribunals, Stanford Journal of International Law, 1997, pp. 1–8.
  • Ivković, S.K.: Justice by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Stanford Journal of International Law, 2001, pp. 255–346.
  • Jones, J.W.R.D.: The practice of the international criminal tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, New York, Transnational, 2000.
  • Kaszubinski, M.: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, in: Bassiouni, M.C. (ed.), Post-conflict justice, New York, Transnational, 2002, pp. 459–585.
  • Kerr, R.: International judicial intervention: the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, International Relations, 2000, pp. 17–26.
  • Kerr, R.: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: an exercise in law, politics and diplomacy, Oxford, OUP, 2004.
  • King, F. and La Rosa, A.: Current Developments. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, B.T.I.R., 1997, pp. 533–555.
  • Klip, A. and Sluiter, G.: Annotated leading cases of international criminal tribunals; (Vol. III) The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia 2000–2001, Schoten, Intersentia, 2003.
  • Köchler, Hans: Global Justice or Global Revenge? International Criminal Justice at the Crossroads, Vienna/New York, Springer, 2003, pp. 166–184.
  • Kolb, R.: The jurisprudence of the Yugoslav and Rwandan Criminal Tribunals on their jurisdiction and on international crimes, British Yearbook of International Law, 2001, pp. 259–315.
  • Lamb, S.: The powers of arrest of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, British Yearbook of International Law, 2000, pp. 165–244.
  • Laughland, J.: Travesty: The Trial of Slobodan Milošević and the Corruption of International Justice, London, Pluto Press, 2007.
  • Lescure, K.: International justice for former Yugoslavia: the working of the International Criminal Tribunal of the Hague, The Hague, KLI, 1996.
  • Mak, T.: The Case Against an International War Crimes Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, (1995) International Peacekeeping, 2:4, 536-563.
  • McAllister, Jacqueline R. 2020. "Deterring Wartime Atrocities: Hard Lessons from the Yugoslav Tribunal." International Security 44(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00370.
  • McAllister, Jacqueline R. (janar 2020). "Deterring Wartime Atrocities: Hard Lessons from the Yugoslav Tribunal". International Security (në anglisht). 44 (3): 84–128. doi:10.1162/isec_a_00370. S2CID 209892079.
  • McDonald, G.K.: Reflections on the contributions of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 2001, pp. 155–172.
  • Mettraux, G.: Crimes against humanity in the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda, Harvard International Law Journal, 2002, pp. 237–316.
  • Morris, V. and Scharf, M.P.: An insider's guide to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, African Yearbook of International Law, 1995, pp. 441–446.
  • Murphy, S.D.: Progress and jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, American Journal of International Law, 1999, pp. 57–96.
  • Panovsky, D.: Some war crimes are not better than others: the failure of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia to prosecute war crimes in Macedonia, Northwestern University Law Review, 2004, pp. 623–655.
  • Pilouras, S.: International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and Milosevic's trial, New York Law School Journal of Human Rights, 2002, pp. 515–525.
  • Pronk, E.: "The ICTY and the people from the former Yugoslavia. A reserved relationship." (thesis)
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  • Shraga, D. and Zackalin, R.: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, European Journal of International Law, 1994, pp. 360–380.
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Referime

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  1. ^ Officially International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991
  2. ^ "History of the office of the prosecutor". {{cite web}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
  3. ^ Serbia's last war crimes fugitive arrested, Al Jazeera.net, 20 July 2011.
  4. ^ "The ICTY renders its final judgement in the Prlić et al. appeal case". International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. 29 nëntor 2017. Marrë më 29 nëntor 2017. {{cite web}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
  5. ^ "ICTY President Agius delivers final address to United Nations General Assembly". International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Marrë më 29 nëntor 2017. {{cite web}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
  6. ^ "UNSC Resolution 1966" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
  7. ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1993-05-03). "Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to Paragraph 2 of Security Council Resolution 808 (1993) [Contains text of the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991]". Refworld. Marrë më 2018-03-17. {{cite web}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)