Jofeja

Afetaria (jofetaria) është mungesa, indiferenca, anashkalimi ose refuzimi i fesë dhe çështjeve fetare. ^[1] Sipas studimit global të Qendrës së Kërkimeve Pew për vitin 2012 mbi 230 vende dhe territore, 16 % e popullsisë së botës nuk është e lidhur me një fe të caktuar, ndërsa 84 % janë të lidhur. ^[2]

Afetaria mund të përfshijë disa forma të teizmit, në varësi të kontekstit fetar që përkufizohet; për shembull, në Evropën e shekullit XVIII, mishërimi i mosbesimit ishte deizmi, ^[3] ndërsa në Azinë Lindore bashkëkohore termi i përbashkët që do të thotë "ireligjion" ose "pa fe" (kinez. 無宗教, japonez. wú zōngjiào, korea. mu shūkyō pron. mujonggyo), me të cilën shumica e popullsive të Azisë Lindore e identifikojnë veten, nënkupton mos anëtarësimin në një nga fetë institucionale (siç është Budizmi dhe Krishterimi) dhe jo domosdoshmërisht mosbesim në fetë tradicionale popullore të përfaqësuara kolektivisht nga Shendao kineze dhe Shinto japoneze. ^[4]

Sipas studimeve ndërkulturore, duke qenë se feja dhe fertiliteti janë të lidhura pozitivisht ndërsa sekularizmi dhe fertiliteti janë të lidhur negativisht, sekularizmi pritet të bie gjatë gjithë shekullit XXI. ^[5] Deri në vitin 2060, sipas parashikimeve të tyre, numri i njërëzve afetarë do të rritet me mbi 35 milion, por përqindja do të ulet në 13 % sepse popullsia e përgjithshme do të rritet më shpejt. ^[6] ^[7]

Shih edhe

Literatura

Coleman, Thomas J.; Hood, Ralph W.; Streib, Heinz (2018). "An introduction to atheism, agnosticism, and nonreligious worldviews". Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (në anglisht). 10 (3): 203–206. doi:10.1037/rel0000213.
John Allen Paulos (2009). Irreligion: A Mathematician Explains Why the Arguments for God Just Don't Add Up (në anglisht). Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-8090-5918-8.
Richard Henry Popkin; Arie Johan Vanderjagt (1993). Scepticism and irreligion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (në anglisht). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09596-0.
Eric Wright (2010). Irreligion: Thought, Rationale, History (në anglisht). BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-171-06863-1.

Referime

^ "Irreligion as presented in 26 reference works" (në anglisht).
^ Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life (18 dhjetor 2012). "The Global Religious Landscape" (në anglisht). Marrë më 18 dhjetor 2012.
^ Campbell, Colin. 1971. Towards a Sociology of Irreligion. London:McMillan p. 31.
^ Bestor, Theodore C., red. (2011). Handbook of Japanese Culture and Society (në anglisht). London: Routledge. fq. 66–67. ISBN 978-0415436496. 無宗教 mushūkyō, "no religion", in Japanese language and mindset identifies those people who do not belong to organised religion. To the Japanese, the term "religion" or "faith" means organised religions on the model of Christianity, that is a religion with specific doctrines and requirement for church membership. So, when asked "what is their religion", most of the Japanese answer that they "do not belong to any religion". According to NHK studies, those Japanese who identify with mushūkyō and therefore do not belong to any organised religion, actually take part in the folk ritual dimension of Shinto. Ama Toshimaru in Nihonjin wa naze mushukyo na no ka ("Why are the Japanese non-religious?") of 1996, explains that people who do not belong to organised religions but regularly pray and make offerings to ancestors and protective deities at private altars or Shinto shrines will identify themselves as mushukyo. Ama designates "natural religion" what NHK studies define as "folk religion", and other scholars have named "Nipponism" (Nipponkyō) or "common religion".
^ Ellis, Lee; Hoskin, Anthony W.; Dutton, Edward; Nyborg, Helmuth (8 mars 2017). "The Future of Secularism: a Biologically Informed Theory Supplemented with Cross-Cultural Evidence". Evolutionary Psychological Science (në anglisht). 3 (3): 224–43. doi:10.1007/s40806-017-0090-z.
^ "Why People With No Religion Are Projected To Decline As A Share Of The World's Population" (në anglisht). Pew Research Center. 7 prill 2017.
^ "The Changing Global Religious Landscape: Babies Born to Muslims will Begin to Outnumber Christian Births by 2035; People with No Religion Face a Birth Dearth". Pew Research Center (në anglisht). 5 prill 2017.

[1] "Irreligion as presented in 26 reference works" (në anglisht).

[Pew_Global-2] Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life (18 dhjetor 2012). "The Global Religious Landscape" (në anglisht). Marrë më 18 dhjetor 2012.

[3] Campbell, Colin. 1971. Towards a Sociology of Irreligion. London:McMillan p. 31.

[Handbook_Japanese-4] Bestor, Theodore C., red. (2011). Handbook of Japanese Culture and Society (në anglisht). London: Routledge. fq. 66–67. ISBN 978-0415436496. 無宗教 mushūkyō, "no religion", in Japanese language and mindset identifies those people who do not belong to organised religion. To the Japanese, the term "religion" or "faith" means organised religions on the model of Christianity, that is a religion with specific doctrines and requirement for church membership. So, when asked "what is their religion", most of the Japanese answer that they "do not belong to any religion". According to NHK studies, those Japanese who identify with mushūkyō and therefore do not belong to any organised religion, actually take part in the folk ritual dimension of Shinto. Ama Toshimaru in Nihonjin wa naze mushukyo na no ka ("Why are the Japanese non-religious?") of 1996, explains that people who do not belong to organised religions but regularly pray and make offerings to ancestors and protective deities at private altars or Shinto shrines will identify themselves as mushukyo. Ama designates "natural religion" what NHK studies define as "folk religion", and other scholars have named "Nipponism" (Nipponkyō) or "common religion".

[5] Ellis, Lee; Hoskin, Anthony W.; Dutton, Edward; Nyborg, Helmuth (8 mars 2017). "The Future of Secularism: a Biologically Informed Theory Supplemented with Cross-Cultural Evidence". Evolutionary Psychological Science (në anglisht). 3 (3): 224–43. doi:10.1007/s40806-017-0090-z.

[6] "Why People With No Religion Are Projected To Decline As A Share Of The World's Population" (në anglisht). Pew Research Center. 7 prill 2017.

[7] "The Changing Global Religious Landscape: Babies Born to Muslims will Begin to Outnumber Christian Births by 2035; People with No Religion Face a Birth Dearth". Pew Research Center (në anglisht). 5 prill 2017.

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