Amigdala: Dallime mes rishikimesh
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Krijuar nga përkthimi i faqes "Amygdala" |
Krijuar nga përkthimi i faqes "Amygdala" |
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Rreshti 4:
== Struktura ==
[[Skeda:MRI_Location_Amygdala_up.png|alt=MRI coronal view of the amygdala|majtas|parapamje| Pamje koronale e amigdalës së djathtë]]
[[Skeda:Mouse_Amygdala.pdf|djathtas|parapamje| Nënndarjet e amigdalës së miut]]
Amigdalat janë një mori bërthamash ku secila me ndarjet dhe nënndarjet lidhen me pjesën tjetër të trurit. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bzdok |first=D. |last2=Laird |first2=A. R. |last3=Zilles |first3=K. |last4=Fox |first4=P. T. |last5=Eickhoff |first5=S. B. |date=2013 |title=An investigation of the structural, connectional, and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala |journal=Human Brain Mapping |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=3247–3266 |doi=10.1002/hbm.22138 |pmc=4801486 |pmid=22806915}}</ref> Bërthamat kryesore janë kompleksi bazolateral, bërthama qendrore, bërthama kortikale, bërthama mediale dhe grupet e ndërlidhura të qelizave.
Kompleksi bazolateral ndahet më tej në bërthamat bazë anësore, bazale dhe aksesore. <ref name="emotion">{{Cite web |last=Ben Best |year=2004 |title=The Amygdala and the Emotions |url=http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd9.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309132748/http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd9.html |archive-date=9 March 2007 |access-date=15 March 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Solano-Castiella">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Solano-Castiella E, Anwander A, Lohmann G, Weiss M, Docherty C, Geyer S, Reimer E, Friederici AD, Turner R |date=February 2010 |title=Diffusion tensor imaging segments the human amygdala in vivo |journal=NeuroImage |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=2958–65 |doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.027 |pmid=19931398 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ajo ka lidhje të gjera me zonat kortikale të rendit më të lartë në korteksin prefrontal, temporal, izolues dhe hipokampusin. <ref name="Bzdok Laird Zilles Fox 2013 pp. 3247–3266">{{Cite journal |last=Bzdok |first=Danilo |last2=Laird |first2=Angela R. |last3=Zilles |first3=Karl |last4=Fox |first4=Peter T. |last5=Eickhoff |first5=Simon B. |date=2013 |title=An investigation of the structural, connectional, and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala |journal=Human Brain Mapping |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=3247–3266 |doi=10.1002/hbm.22138 |issn=1065-9471 |pmc=4801486 |pmid=22806915}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBzdokLairdZillesFox2013">Bzdok, Danilo; Laird, Angela R.; Zilles, Karl; Fox, Peter T.; Eickhoff, Simon B. (2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801486 "An investigation of the structural, connectional, and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala"]. ''Human Brain Mapping''. '''34''' (12): 3247–3266. [[Identifikues digjital objektesh|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/hbm.22138|10.1002/hbm.22138]]. [[ISSN (identifikues)|ISSN]] [[issn:1065-9471|1065-9471]]. [[PMC (identifikues)|PMC]] <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801486 4801486]</span>. [[PMID (identifikues)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22806915 22806915].</cite></ref> <ref name="McDonald 2020 pp. 1–38">{{Cite book |last=McDonald |first=Alexander J. |title=Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience |date=2020 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-12-815134-1 |volume=26 |pages=1–38 |chapter=Functional neuroanatomy of the basolateral amygdala: Neurons, neurotransmitters, and circuits |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-815134-1.00001-5 |pmc=8248694 |pmid=34220399}}</ref>
Kompleksi bazolateral rrethohet nga rrjeta qelizore e ndërthurur që është frenuese dhe projekton në një shumëllojshmëri të gjerë zonash në pjesën e përparme të trurit bazal, [[Hipotalamusi|hipotalamusin]] dhe amigdalën. <ref name="Stern Wilke Root 2023 pp. ENEURO.0238–23.2023">{{Cite journal |last=Stern |first=Daniel B. |last2=Wilke |first2=Anna |last3=Root |first3=Cory M. |date=2023 |title=Anatomical Connectivity of the Intercalated Cells of the Amygdala |journal=eNeuro |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=ENEURO.0238–23.2023 |doi=10.1523/ENEURO.0238-23.2023 |issn=2373-2822 |pmc=10576262 |pmid=37775310}}</ref>
Bërthamat kortikale dhe mediale lidhen me sistemin e nuhatjes dhe hipotalamusin. <ref name="Bzdok Laird Zilles Fox 2013 pp. 3247–3266">{{Cite journal |last=Bzdok |first=Danilo |last2=Laird |first2=Angela R. |last3=Zilles |first3=Karl |last4=Fox |first4=Peter T. |last5=Eickhoff |first5=Simon B. |date=2013 |title=An investigation of the structural, connectional, and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala |journal=Human Brain Mapping |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=3247–3266 |doi=10.1002/hbm.22138 |issn=1065-9471 |pmc=4801486 |pmid=22806915}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBzdokLairdZillesFox2013">Bzdok, Danilo; Laird, Angela R.; Zilles, Karl; Fox, Peter T.; Eickhoff, Simon B. (2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801486 "An investigation of the structural, connectional, and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala"]. ''Human Brain Mapping''. '''34''' (12): 3247–3266. [[Identifikues digjital objektesh|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/hbm.22138|10.1002/hbm.22138]]. [[ISSN (identifikues)|ISSN]] [[issn:1065-9471|1065-9471]]. [[PMC (identifikues)|PMC]] <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801486 4801486]</span>. [[PMID (identifikues)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22806915 22806915].</cite></ref>
Bërthama qendrore shtrihet në trungun e trurit. <ref name="Bzdok Laird Zilles Fox 2013 pp. 3247–3266">{{Cite journal |last=Bzdok |first=Danilo |last2=Laird |first2=Angela R. |last3=Zilles |first3=Karl |last4=Fox |first4=Peter T. |last5=Eickhoff |first5=Simon B. |date=2013 |title=An investigation of the structural, connectional, and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala |journal=Human Brain Mapping |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=3247–3266 |doi=10.1002/hbm.22138 |issn=1065-9471 |pmc=4801486 |pmid=22806915}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBzdokLairdZillesFox2013">Bzdok, Danilo; Laird, Angela R.; Zilles, Karl; Fox, Peter T.; Eickhoff, Simon B. (2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801486 "An investigation of the structural, connectional, and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala"]. ''Human Brain Mapping''. '''34''' (12): 3247–3266. [[Identifikues digjital objektesh|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/hbm.22138|10.1002/hbm.22138]]. [[ISSN (identifikues)|ISSN]] [[issn:1065-9471|1065-9471]]. [[PMC (identifikues)|PMC]] <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801486 4801486]</span>. [[PMID (identifikues)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22806915 22806915].</cite></ref>
Anatomikisht, amigdala dhe bërthamat e saj qendrore dhe mediale <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Swanson LW, Petrovich GD |date=August 1998 |title=What is the amygdala? |journal=Trends in Neurosciences |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=323–31 |doi=10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01265-X |pmid=9720596}}</ref> ndonjëherë janë klasifikuar si pjesë e ganglioneve bazale.
Sipas Leri Suansonit dhe Gorica Petroviç, në një artikull të titulluar, ''Çfarë është amigdala?'' "Amigdala nuk është as një njësi strukturore dhe as funksionale". <ref name="Swanson Petrovich 1998 pp. 323–331">{{Cite journal |last=Swanson |first=Larry W. |last2=Petrovich |first2=Gorica D. |date=1998 |title=What is the amygdala? |journal=Trends in Neurosciences |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=323–331 |doi=10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01265-X |pmid=9720596}}</ref>
== Imazhe shtesë ==
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