Semiotika: Dallime mes rishikimesh
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Krijuar nga përkthimi i faqes "Semiotics" |
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Rreshti 1:
'''Semiotika''' (e quajtur edhe '''studime semiotike''' ) është studimi i procesit të shenjave (semiozave), që është çdo formë e veprimtarisë, sjelljes, ose çdo proces që përfshin shenja, përfshirë prodhimin e kuptimit. Një shenjë është çdo gjë që komunikon një kuptim, që nuk është vetë shenja, tek interpretuesi i shenjës. Kuptimi mund të jetë i qëllimshëm, siç është fjala e shqiptuar me një kuptim specifik, ose pa qëllim, siç është një simptomë që është një shenjë e një gjendjeje të veçantë mjekësore. Shenjat mund të komunikojnë përmes cilindo nga shqisat, vizuale, dëgjimore, prekëse, [[Shqisa e nuhatjes|nuhatëse]] ose [[Shqisa e shijes|shqisa e shijes (gustatorike]]).
Tradita semiotike eksploron studimin e shenjave dhe simboleve si një pjesë e rëndësishme e komunikimeve. Për dallim nga gjuhësia, semiotika studion edhe sistemet e shenjave jogjuhësore. Semiotika përfshin studimin e shenjave dhe proceseve të shenjave, indikimin, përcaktimin, ngjashmërinë, [[Analogjia|analogjinë]], [[Alegoria|alegorinë]], [[Metonimia|metoniminë]], [[Metafora|metaforën]], [[Simboli|simbolikën]], nënkuptimin dhe komunikimin.
Semiotika shpesh shihet se ka dimensione të rëndësishme [[Antropologjia|antropologjike]] dhe [[Sociologjia|sociologjike]]; për shembull, semiotiku dhe romancieri italian [[Umberto Eco]] propozoi që çdo fenomen kulturor të studiohet si komunikim. <ref name="caesar">{{Cite book|last=Caesar|first=Michael|title=''Umberto Eco: Philosophy, Semiotics, and the Work of Fiction''|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7456-0850-1|page=55|language=en}}</ref> Megjithatë, disa semiotikë përqendrohen në dimensionet [[Logjika|logjike]] të shkencës. Ata ekzaminojnë fushat që i përkasin gjithashtu [[ Shkencat e jetes |shkencave të jetës]], sikurse mënyra se si organizmat bëjnë parashikime dhe përshtaten me ngrohtësinë e tyre semiotike në botë. Në përgjithësi, teoritë semiotike marrin ''shenja'' ose sisteme të shenjave si objekt studimi të tyre: komunikimi i informacionit në organizmat e gjallë është i përfshirë në biosemiotikë (përfshirë zoosemiotikën dhe fitosemiotikën). <ref>{{Cito web|url=http://www.cs.joensuu.fi/~whamalai/skc/semiology.html|title=Semiology vs. semiotics|website=University of Eastern Finland|accessdate=23 April 2019|language=en}}</ref> <ref>"The science of communication studied through the interpretation of signs and symbols as they operate in various fields, esp. language", ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (2003)</ref>
== Shih edhe ==
* [[Gjuha]]
* [[Gjuhësia]]
* [[Semantika]]
* [[Semiologjia]]
== Referimet ==
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* Atkin, Albert. (2006). "[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/peirce-semiotics/ Peirce's Theory of Signs]", ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.
* Barthes, Roland. ([1957] 1987). ''Mythologies''. New York: Hill & Wang.
* Barthes, Roland ([1964] 1967). ''Elements of Semiology''. (Translated by Annette Lavers & Colin Smith). London: Jonathan Cape.
* Chandler, Daniel. (2001/2007). ''Semiotics: The Basics''. London: Routledge.
* Bittar, Eduardo C. B. (2015). Linguagem jurídica: semiótica, discurso e direito. 6. ed. São Paulo: Editora Saraiva, 2015.
* Clarke, D. S. (1987). ''Principles of Semiotic''. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
* Clarke, D. S. (2003). ''Sign Levels''. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
* Culler, Jonathan (1975). ''Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature''. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
* Danesi, Marcel & Perron, Paul. (1999). ''Analyzing Cultures: An Introduction and Handbook''. Bloomington: Indiana UP.
* Danesi, Marcel. (1994). ''Messages and Meanings: An Introduction to Semiotics''. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press.
* Danesi, Marcel. (2002). ''Understanding Media Semiotics''. London: Arnold; New York: Oxford UP.
* Danesi, Marcel. (2007). ''The Quest for Meaning: A Guide to Semiotic Theory and Practice''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
*Decadt, Yves. 2000. ''On the Origin and Impact of Information in the Average Evolution: From Bit to Attractor, Atom and Ecosystem'' [Dutch]. Summary in English available at [http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/decadt/ The Information Philosopher].
* Deely, John. (2005 [1990]). ''Basics of Semiotics''. 4th ed. Tartu: Tartu University Press.
* Deely, John. (2001). ''Four Ages of Understanding''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
* Deely, John. (2003), "On the Word Semiotics, Formation and Origins", ''Semiotica'' 146.1/4, 1–50.
* Deely, John. (2003). ''The Impact on Philosophy of Semiotics''. South Bend: St. Augustine Press.
* Deely, John. (2004), "'Σημειον' to 'Sign' by Way of 'Signum': On the Interplay of Translation and Interpretation in the Establishment of Semiotics", ''Semiotica'' 148–1/4, 187–227.
* Deely, John. (2006), "On 'Semiotics' as Naming the Doctrine of Signs", ''Semiotica'' 158.1/4 (2006), 1–33.
* Derrida, Jacques (1981). ''Positions''. (Translated by Alan Bass). London: Athlone Press.
* Eagleton, Terry. (1983). ''Literary Theory: An Introduction''. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
* Eco, Umberto. (1976). ''A Theory of Semiotics''. London: Macmillan.
* Eco, Umberto. (1986) ''Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
* Eco, Umberto. (2000) ''Kant and the Platypus''. New York, Harcourt Brace & Company.
* Eco, Umberto. (1976) ''A Theory of Semiotics''. Indiana, Indiana University Press.
* Emmeche, Claus; Kull, Kalevi (eds.) (2011) ''Towards a Semiotic Biology: Life is the Action of Signs''. London: Imperial College Press. [https://www.academia.edu/727564/Towards_a_Semiotic_Biology_Life_is_the_Action_of_Signs pdf]
* Foucault, Michel. (1970). ''The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences''. London: Tavistock.
* Greimas, Algirdas. (1987). ''On Meaning: Selected Writings in Semiotic Theory''. (Translated by Paul J Perron & Frank H Collins). London: Frances Pinter.
* Herlihy, David. 1988–present. "2nd year class of semiotics". CIT.
* Hjelmslev, Louis (1961). ''Prolegomena to a Theory of Language''. (Translated by Francis J. Whitfield). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press
* Hodge, Robert & Kress, Gunther. (1988). ''Social Semiotics''. Ithaca: Cornell UP.
* Lacan, Jacques. (1977) ''Écrits: A Selection''. (Translated by Alan Sheridan). New York: Norton.
* Lidov, David (1999) ''Elements of Semiotics''. New York: St. Martin's Press.
* Liszka, J. J. (1996) ''A General Introduction to the Semeiotic of C.S. Peirce.'' Indiana University Press.
* Locke, John, ''The Works of John Locke, A New Edition, Corrected, In Ten Volumes, Vol.III'', T. Tegg, (London), 1823. (facsimile reprint by Scientia, (Aalen), 1963.)
* Lotman, Yuri M. (1990). ''Universe of the Mind: A Semiotic Theory of Culture''. (Translated by Ann Shukman). London: I.B. Tauris.
* Morris, Charles W. (1971). ''Writings on the general theory of signs''. The Hague: Mouton.
*{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/590650|via=|hdl=10722/141740|title=Putting Social Context into Text: The Semiotics of E‐mail Interaction|journal=American Journal of Sociology|volume=114|issue=2|pages=332–70|date=|year=2008|last1=Menchik|first1=Daniel A|last2=Tian|first2=Xiaoli|url=http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/141740/1/Content.pdf|language=en}}
* Peirce, Charles S. (1934). ''Collected papers: Volume V. Pragmatism and pragmaticism''. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press.
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1515/SEMI.2009.015|via=|title=Semiotics as semioethics in the era of global communication|journal=Semiotica|volume=2009|issue=173|pages=343–67|date=|year=2009|last1=Petrilli|first1=Susan|language=en}}
* Ponzio, Augusto & S. Petrilli (2007) ''Semiotics Today. From Global Semiotics to Semioethics, a Dialogic Response.'' New York, Ottawa, Toronto: Legas. 84 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-894508-98-8|}}
* Romeo, Luigi (1977), "The Derivation of 'Semiotics' through the History of the Discipline", ''Semiosis'', v. 6 pp. 37–50.
* Sebeok, T.A. (1976), ''Contributions to the Doctrine of Signs'', Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN.
* Sebeok, Thomas A. (Editor) (1977). ''A Perfusion of Signs''. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
* ''Signs and Meaning: 5 Questions'', edited by Peer Bundgaard and Frederik Stjernfelt, 2009 (Automatic Press). (Includes interviews with 29 leading semioticians of the world.)
* Short, T.L. (2007), ''Peirce's Theory of Signs'', Cambridge University Press.
* Stubbe, Henry. ''The Plus Ultra reduced to a Non Plus: Or, A Specimen of some Animadversions upon the Plus Ultra of Mr. Glanvill, wherein sundry Errors of some Virtuosi are discovered, the Credit of the Aristotelians in part Re-advanced; and Enquiries made....'', (London), 1670.
*{{cite journal|doi=10.1515/semi.1982.38.3-4.205|via=|title=Semiotics and medicine|journal=Semiotica|volume=38|issue=3–4|pages=|date=|year=1982|last1=von Uexküll|first1=Thure|language=en}}
* Williamson, Judith. (1978). ''Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising''. London: Boyars.
* Zlatev, Jordan. (2009). "The Semiotic Hierarchy: Life, Consciousness, Signs and Language, Cognitive Semiotics". Sweden: Scania.
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[[Kategoria:Kibernetikë]]
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